SwiftUI Charts Reference

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SwiftUI Charts Reference

Table of Contents

• Overview
• Availability
• Core APIs
• Chart Types
• Axis Tweaks
• Selection APIs
• Annotations
• ChartProxy and Custom Touch Handling
• Modifier Scope
• Styling and Visual Channels
• Composing Multiple Marks
• Animating Chart Data
• Best Practices

Overview

Swift Charts is Apple’s native charting framework for SwiftUI. Use Chart with one or more marks to build bar, line, area, point, rule, rectangle, and sector charts. This reference covers the standard 2D chart APIs, axis customization, built-in selection APIs, annotations, and custom touch handling.

Availability

Base Chart, custom axes, scales, and most marks require iOS 16 or later.

• BarMark, LineMark, AreaMark, PointMark, RectangleMark, and RuleMark are available on iOS 16+
• SectorMark, built-in selection, and scrollable chart axes require iOS 17+
• Data-driven plot types such as BarPlot and LinePlot require iOS 18+
• Chart3D and Z-axis APIs exist on iOS 26+; this reference is primarily about 2D Chart, with a dedicated Chart3D section below

if #available(iOS 17, *) {
    // Selection, SectorMark, scrollable axes
} else {
    // Base Chart, axes, scales, and core marks
}

Core APIs

Import the Framework

Always check that the file imports Charts before using Chart, Chart3D, BarMark, SectorMark, or ChartProxy.

import SwiftUI
import Charts

If chart types are unresolved, the first thing to verify is that Charts is imported in that file.

Chart Container

Chart is the root view. Add one or more marks inside it.

Chart(sales) { item in
    BarMark(
        x: .value("Month", item.month),
        y: .value("Revenue", item.revenue)
    )
}

Data Models Should Be Identifiable

Prefer Identifiable models for chart data so identity stays stable as data changes.

struct SalesPoint: Identifiable {
    let id: UUID
    let month: String
    let revenue: Double
}

If your model cannot conform to Identifiable, provide an explicit id key path:

Chart(sales, id: \.month) { item in
    BarMark(
        x: .value("Month", item.month),
        y: .value("Revenue", item.revenue)
    )
}

Plottable Values

Use .value(_, _) to describe what each axis value means. Those labels are reused by axes, legends, and accessibility.

LineMark(
    x: .value("Day", entry.date),
    y: .value("Steps", entry.count)
)

Chart Types

BarMark

BarMark(
    x: .value("Product", product.name),
    y: .value("Units", product.units)
)

Stacking via MarkStackingMethod: .standard, .normalized, .center, .unstacked.

LineMark

LineMark(
    x: .value("Day", day.date),
    y: .value("Steps", day.count)
)
.interpolationMethod(.monotone)

Interpolation methods: .linear, .monotone, .cardinal, .catmullRom, .stepStart, .stepCenter, .stepEnd. Cardinal and Catmull-Rom accept optional tension/alpha parameters.

AreaMark

AreaMark(
    x: .value("Hour", sample.hour),
    y: .value("Temperature", sample.value),
    stacking: .unstacked
)

Ranged areas use yStart/yEnd for bands like min/max or confidence intervals:

AreaMark(
    x: .value("Day", sample.day),
    yStart: .value("Low", sample.low),
    yEnd: .value("High", sample.high)
)

PointMark

PointMark(
    x: .value("Time", measurement.time),
    y: .value("Value", measurement.value)
)

RectangleMark

RectangleMark(
    xStart: .value("Start Day", cell.startDay),
    xEnd: .value("End Day", cell.endDay),
    yStart: .value("Low", cell.low),
    yEnd: .value("High", cell.high)
)

RuleMark

RuleMark(y: .value("Goal", 10_000))
    .foregroundStyle(.red)

SectorMark

Use SectorMark for pie and donut-style charts. SectorMark requires iOS 17 or later.

Chart(expenses) { expense in
    SectorMark(
        angle: .value("Amount", expense.amount),
        innerRadius: .ratio(0.6),
        angularInset: 2
    )
    .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Category", expense.category))
}

Use innerRadius to turn a pie chart into a donut chart, and angularInset to separate slices visually.

Plot Types (iOS 18+)

iOS 18 adds data-driven plot wrappers: AreaPlot, BarPlot, LinePlot, PointPlot, RectanglePlot, RulePlot, and SectorPlot.

LinePlot and AreaPlot also accept function closures for plotting mathematical functions without discrete data:

if #available(iOS 18, *) {
    Chart {
        LinePlot(x: "x", y: "sin(x)") { x in
            sin(x)
        }
    }
    .chartXScale(domain: -Double.pi ... Double.pi)
    .chartYScale(domain: -1.5 ... 1.5)
}

Use plot types when you want a data-first API surface or need function plotting. The underlying chart families stay the same.

Chart3D (iOS 26+)

Chart3D is a separate API for 3D chart content. It supports 3D PointMark, RectangleMark, RuleMark, and SurfacePlot.

if #available(iOS 26, *) {
    Chart3D(points) { point in
        PointMark(
            x: .value("X", point.x),
            y: .value("Y", point.y),
            z: .value("Z", point.z)
        )
    }
    .chart3DPose(.front)
    .chart3DCameraProjection(.perspective)
}

SurfacePlot visualizes mathematical surfaces by evaluating a two-variable function:

if #available(iOS 26, *) {
    Chart3D {
        SurfacePlot(x: "x", y: "height", z: "z") { x, z in
            sin(x) * cos(z)
        }
    }
    .chartXScale(domain: -Double.pi ... Double.pi)
    .chartZScale(domain: -Double.pi ... Double.pi)
}

Camera and pose configuration:

• Projection: .chart3DCameraProjection(.orthographic) (default, precise measurements) or .perspective (depth effect)
• Pose presets: .chart3DPose(.default), .front, .back, .left, .right
• Custom pose: .chart3DPose(azimuth: .degrees(45), inclination: .degrees(30))
• On visionOS, Chart3D supports natural 3D interaction gestures for rotation and exploration

Always gate Chart3D with #available(iOS 26, *) — it is not available on earlier OS versions.

Axis Tweaks

Axis Visibility and Labels

Use chartXAxis, chartYAxis, chartXAxisLabel, and chartYAxisLabel on the Chart container. Axis visibility supports .automatic, .visible, and .hidden.

Chart(data) { item in
    BarMark(
        x: .value("Month", item.month),
        y: .value("Revenue", item.revenue)
    )
}
.chartXAxis(.visible)
.chartYAxis(.hidden)
.chartXAxisLabel("Month")
.chartYAxisLabel("Revenue")

Custom Axis Marks

Use AxisMarks to control tick placement, labels, and grid lines.

Chart(steps) { day in
    LineMark(
        x: .value("Day", day.date),
        y: .value("Steps", day.count)
    )
}
.chartXAxis {
    AxisMarks(
        preset: .aligned,
        position: .bottom,
        values: .stride(by: .day)
    ) {
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisTick(length: .label)
        AxisValueLabel(format: .dateTime.weekday(.abbreviated))
    }
}

Useful AxisMarks inputs:

• preset: .automatic, .extended, .aligned, .inset
• position: .automatic, .leading, .trailing, .top, .bottom
• values: .automatic, .automatic(desiredCount:), .stride(by:), .stride(by:count:), or an explicit array

Axis Components

Within AxisMarks, combine the built-in axis components as needed:

AxisGridLine()
AxisTick()
AxisValueLabel()

AxisValueLabel can be tuned for dense axes:

AxisValueLabel(
    collisionResolution: .greedy(minimumSpacing: 8),
    orientation: .vertical
)

Label orientations: .automatic, .horizontal, .vertical, .verticalReversed.

Collision strategies: .automatic, .greedy, .greedy(priority:minimumSpacing:), .truncate, .disabled.

Axis Domains and Plot Area Tweaks

Use scales when you need explicit axis domains or plot area control.

Chart(data) { item in
    LineMark(
        x: .value("Index", item.index),
        y: .value("Score", item.score)
    )
}
.chartXScale(domain: 0...30)
.chartYScale(domain: 0...100)
.chartPlotStyle { plotArea in
    plotArea
        .background(.gray.opacity(0.08))
}

You can set one axis domain without forcing the other:

.chartXScale(domain: startDate...endDate)

Scrollable Axes (iOS 17+)

For larger datasets, make the plot area scroll and control the visible domain.

@State private var scrollX = 7

Chart(data) { item in
    BarMark(
        x: .value("Day", item.day),
        y: .value("Value", item.value)
    )
}
.chartScrollableAxes(.horizontal)
.chartXVisibleDomain(length: 7)
.chartScrollPosition(x: $scrollX)

Selection APIs

Single-Value Selection

Use chartXSelection(value:) or chartYSelection(value:) for one selected value.

@State private var selectedDate: Date?

Chart(steps) { day in
    LineMark(x: .value("Day", day.date), y: .value("Steps", day.count))

    if let selectedDate {
        RuleMark(x: .value("Selected Day", selectedDate))
            .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
    }
}
.chartXSelection(value: $selectedDate)

Range Selection

Use chartXSelection(range:) or chartYSelection(range:) for a dragged range. Bind to a ClosedRange whose bound type matches the plotted axis value.

@State private var selectedWeeks: ClosedRange<Int>?

Chart(weeks) { week in
    BarMark(x: .value("Week", week.index), y: .value("Revenue", week.revenue))
}
.chartXSelection(range: $selectedWeeks)

Choosing Single vs Range

• Use value: bindings when only one point or axis value should be selected.
• Use range: bindings when users should brush a span (for zoom windows, comparisons, or grouped summaries).

Angle Selection

Use chartAngleSelection(value:) with SectorMark charts. No built-in range overload for angle selection.

@State private var selectedAmount: Double?

Chart(expenses) { expense in
    SectorMark(angle: .value("Amount", expense.amount))
        .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Category", expense.category))
}
.chartAngleSelection(value: $selectedAmount)

Important: Selection bindings return the plottable axis value, not the full data element. Map back to your model if you need the selected record.

Annotations

Use annotation(position:) on a mark when you need labels, callouts, or highlighted values attached to the plotted content.

BarMark(
    x: .value("Month", item.month),
    y: .value("Revenue", item.revenue)
)
.annotation(position: .top) {
    Text(item.revenue.formatted())
}

This is useful for selected values, thresholds, summaries, and direct labeling. Common positions include .overlay, .top, .bottom, .leading, and .trailing.

ChartProxy and Custom Touch Handling

Use chartOverlay/chartBackground (iOS 16+) or chartGesture (iOS 17+) with ChartProxy when built-in selection modifiers are not enough.

.chartOverlay { proxy in
    GeometryReader { geometry in
        Rectangle().fill(.clear).contentShape(Rectangle())
            .gesture(
                DragGesture(minimumDistance: 0)
                    .onChanged { value in
                        guard let plotFrame = proxy.plotFrame else { return } // iOS 16: use proxy.plotAreaFrame
                        let frame = geometry[plotFrame]
                        let x = value.location.x - frame.origin.x
                        guard x >= 0, x <= frame.size.width else { return }
                        selectedDate = proxy.value(atX: x, as: Date.self)
                    }
                    .onEnded { _ in selectedDate = nil }
            )
    }
}

Use proxy.plotFrame (iOS 17+) or proxy.plotAreaFrame (iOS 16) to get the plot area anchor.

ChartProxy gives you lower-level access to:

• value(atX:as:), value(atY:as:), and value(at:as:) for converting gesture coordinates into chart values
• position(forX:), position(forY:), and position(for:) for placing custom overlays or indicators
• selectXValue(at:), selectYValue(at:), selectXRange(from:to:), and selectYRange(from:to:) for driving built-in selection from custom gestures
• plotFrame (iOS 17+) or plotAreaFrame (iOS 16) with plotSize for converting between gesture coordinates and the plot area

select* ChartProxy selection methods and chartGesture are available on iOS 17+.

Modifier Scope

Apply chart-wide modifiers to the Chart container and mark-specific modifiers to the individual mark.

Chart(data) { item in
    LineMark(
        x: .value("Day", item.date),
        y: .value("Value", item.value)
    )
    .interpolationMethod(.monotone)   // Mark-level modifier
}
.chartXAxis { AxisMarks() }            // Chart-level modifier
.chartYScale(domain: 0...100)          // Chart-level modifier
.chartPlotStyle { $0.background(.thinMaterial) }

Styling and Visual Channels

Categorical Coloring

Use foregroundStyle(by: .value(...)) to color marks by a data property. Swift Charts generates a legend automatically.

Chart(sales) { item in
    BarMark(
        x: .value("Month", item.month),
        y: .value("Revenue", item.revenue)
    )
    .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Region", item.region))
}

Avoid applying .foregroundStyle(.red) per mark for categorical data — this suppresses the automatic legend and breaks accessibility.

Custom Color Scales

Use chartForegroundStyleScale to control the mapping from data values to colors.

.chartForegroundStyleScale([
    "North": .blue,
    "South": .orange,
    "East": .green
])

For dynamic data where not all series appear at every point, use the mapping overload:

.chartForegroundStyleScale(domain: regions, mapping: { region in
    colorForRegion(region)
})

Symbol and Size Channels

Use symbol(by:) and symbolSize(by:) to encode additional data dimensions on PointMark and LineMark.

Chart(measurements) { item in
    PointMark(
        x: .value("Time", item.time),
        y: .value("Value", item.value)
    )
    .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Category", item.category))
    .symbol(by: .value("Category", item.category))
    .symbolSize(by: .value("Weight", item.weight))
}

Legend Control

.chartLegend(.visible)
.chartLegend(.hidden)
.chartLegend(position: .bottom, alignment: .center)

Composing Multiple Marks

Combine different mark types inside the same Chart closure:

// Line with points
LineMark(x: .value("Day", day.date), y: .value("Steps", day.count))
    .interpolationMethod(.monotone)
PointMark(x: .value("Day", day.date), y: .value("Steps", day.count))

// Bars with threshold line
BarMark(x: .value("Month", item.month), y: .value("Revenue", item.revenue))
RuleMark(y: .value("Target", 10_000))
    .foregroundStyle(.red)
    .lineStyle(StrokeStyle(dash: [5, 3]))

Animating Chart Data

Chart marks animate automatically when data identity is stable and changes are wrapped in an animation.

withAnimation(.easeInOut) {
    chartData = updatedData
}

Always use Identifiable models (or explicit id:) so Swift Charts can match old and new data points and animate transitions between them.

Best Practices

Do

• Use semantic .value(_, _) labels so axes and accessibility read clearly
• Prefer Identifiable models (or explicit id:) for stable chart data identity
• Use foregroundStyle(by:) for categorical series to get automatic legends and accessibility
• Use RuleMark for goals, thresholds, and selected-value indicators
• Use explicit AxisMarks(values:) when automatic tick generation gets crowded
• Use chartXScale and chartYScale when you need stable visual comparisons
• Use chartXSelection(range:) or chartYSelection(range:) for brushed selection
• Gate iOS 17+ APIs such as SectorMark and selection with #available

Don’t

• Put chart-wide modifiers such as chartXAxis or chartXSelection on individual marks
• Apply manual .foregroundStyle(.color) per mark for categorical data — use foregroundStyle(by:) instead
• Rely on unstable identities when chart data can be inserted, removed, or reordered
• Use string values for naturally numeric or date-based axes unless you want categorical behavior
• Stack unrelated series by default just because BarMark and AreaMark allow it
• Force every tick label to display when collision handling or stride values would be clearer
• Assume selection returns a model object; it only returns the plottable axis value
• Forget that range selection is available only for X and Y axes, not angle selection

For chart accessibility (VoiceOver, Audio Graph, AXChartDescriptorRepresentable), fallback strategies, WWDC sessions, and a full summary checklist, see charts-accessibility.md.